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MuscleNeckintermediateDraft

Levator scapulaeMusculus levator scapulae

Strap-like muscle at the back and side of the neck that lifts the scapula and helps bend and turn the neck to the same side.

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LatinMusculus levator scapulae
Origin
  • Transverse processes of C1–C2 (atlas and axis)
  • Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3–C4
Insertion
  • Medial border of the scapula, from the superior angle down to the root of the spine of the scapula
Action
  • Elevates the scapula
  • Downwardly rotates the scapula (tilts the glenoid cavity down)
  • With the shoulder fixed: laterally flexes the neck and rotates it to the same side
NerveCervical nerves C3–C4, often with a branch of the dorsal scapular nerve (C3–C5)
NameLatin levator, 'lifter', and scapulae, 'of the shoulder blade'.

Palpation

  1. Client prone with the forehead in the face cradle; stand at the head of the table.
  2. Find the superior angle of the scapula at the top of the medial border, just above the spine of the scapula.
  3. Slide the fingertips up and slightly in from the superior angle, through the upper trapezius, towards the side of the neck.
  4. Ask the client to shrug the shoulder a little towards the ear; feel the levator tighten under the trapezius near its insertion.

Landmarks: Medial border of scapula · Spine of scapula

Clients often point to the top inner corner of the shoulder blade when they describe a “knot” in the neck and shoulder, and that is where levator scapulae attaches. Its lower end lies under the upper fibres of Trapezius, and its upper end lies under Sternocleidomastoid, next to Splenius capitis and the Scalenes.

To tell it apart from the trapezius, follow the fibre direction. Upper trapezius fibres run out towards the Acromion; levator runs more steeply, from the Medial border of scapula up to the side of the neck. A shrug tightens both, so feel for the steeper, rope-like band underneath.

Sources differ slightly on the origin. Gray’s lists the transverse processes of the atlas and axis plus the posterior tubercles of C3–C4, while Wikipedia summarises it as the posterior tubercles of C1–C4.

Sources

  1. Wikipedia, Levator scapulae muscle
  2. Gray's Anatomy (1918), IV. Myology 7a: The Muscles Connecting the Upper Extremity to the Vertebral Column (Public domain; Bartleby edition read via the Internet Archive.)